3° Grade Sec III - IV Literature Guide December

GUIA DE 3RD LITERATURE CORRESPONDIENTE AL MES DE DICIEMBRE.

Profr. ________________________________________ Grupo: ___________________

3° Literature Intermediate

Sections II, III, IV

I. READ THE TEXT.

Tattooing - a respectable art?

The English word 'tattoo' comes from the Tahitian 'tatau' meaning 'to mark something'. Tattooing is the practice of permanently marking the human body by inserting colored inks into the skin using a needle. It has a long history that stretches back thousands of years, encompasses many cultures and spans the entire globe. One famous early example is the body of 'Otzi the Iceman', who dates back to 3300 BC. His frozen body was found in Italy in 1991, with 57 simple dots and lines on his skin. Some scholars suggest that these marks on the skin could have been made for health reasons. Decorative tattooing seems to have been very common in ancient Egypt around 2000 BC. Paintings reveal many figures with tattoos on their bodies, indicating that tattooing was not only culturally acceptable but also popular. The mummy of Amunet, a priestess found at Thebes, is particularly famous, having several painted lines and dots on her body. Mummies from a similar period found in the Altai mountains of Siberia, in Russia also reveal tattoos of animals on their bodies. Tribal people from Borneo, the Philippines, Africa, Japan and China all used tattoos in ancient times. Tribes across Europe, such as the Picts, used tattoos up to the 10^th Century. In the 19^th Century tattooing even became something of a tradition for sailors in the British navy, and the Maori people from New Zealand still use facial tattoos today. So what is it that makes people want to change their appearance in this unique, and permanent, way?
Well, in the past tattoos could have fulfilled many purposes ... to mark the passage to adulthood, or, as in Maori culture, to denote military, political or social status. It is very likely that tattoos could also have had religious or spiritual meanings. Among tribes in Borneo, tattoos were often a sign of courage in war. In Thailand, tattoos around the wrist were thought to ward off illness. North American Indians had tattoos to show marital status and group identity.
However, the art of tattooing has also had negative connotations. The Greeks and Romans associated tattoos with barbarian tribes and only used them to mark slaves in case they tried to escape, or as a punishment for criminals. In Japan by the 17^th Century the once respected art of tattooing had become a symbol of rebellion and criminal behavior, given as a punishment for serious crimes. Tattoos soon became associated with criminal gangs and laws were passed forbidding tattooing. Interestingly, when tattooing was permitted again in Japan in the late 19th Century, it wasn't allowed for Japanese people, only foreigners. This coincided with a period of popularity that tattooing was enjoying in Europe. In 1882 the Duke of York, later King George V, had a dragon tattooed on his arm the by famous Japanese tattooist Hori Chiyo. Many high-ranking naval officers and those from the British upper classes copied the new style, as did other members of royalty, including the future Tzar of Russia, Nicholas II.

Tattooing is still one of the most popular forms of self-expression. Tattoos are often used today to mark a relationship or a special event. There are always people who like to be different, who feel the need to stand out from the crowd. Such people might choose to express their personality through their hairstyle, clothes, or

wearing distinctive jewelry or make-up, but nothing really catches the eye in the same was as a tattoo. Some top sportsmen and women, such as soccer player David Beckham, and Hollywood stars are famous for their tattoos. Angelina Jolie has over a dozen tattoos!

II. DECIDE IF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS ARE TRUE OR FALSE CIRCLE YOUR ANSWER, FIND EVIDENCE IN THE TEXT TO SUPPORT IT.                                                             

                                                                                                                  

1. Evidence exists of people having tattoos almost 5000 years ago.                   True               False

2. Tattooing has been viewed differently in different parts of the world.                 True               False

3. Tattooing was not very common in ancient Egypt.                                          True               False

4. Wealthy people of high status have never favored tattoos.                                True               False

5. At the end of the 19^th Century tattooing became popular again among many Europeans and Japanese.                                                                                                      

                                                                                                                      True               False

III. UNDERLINE THE CORRECT ANSWERS FROM THE CHOICES        

1. Tattoos in Thailand were possibly used as a mark of courage/for health reasons/ to show marital status.

2. Tattooing was not a form of punishment in ancient Greece   /   the British navy   /   Japan.

3. The word 'tattoo' is English   /   Tahitian   /   Japanese.

4. Tattoos of animals have been found on bodies in Greece   /   Russia   / the Philippines.

5. Tattooing became popular among people of high status until the 10^th Century/in the late 19^th Century/in ancient Egypt.

  IV. USE A KEY PHRASE FROM THE TEXT TO COMPLETE THE SENTENCES

                                                                                                                             

1. A well-known tattooist in Japan was called _____________________________________.

2. A prominent member of the British royal family got a tattoo in _______________________________.

3. The mummified, tattooed body found in Italy in 1991 is known as ____________________________.

4. Tattoos were used by North American Indians to show group ________________________________.

V. SEARCH ON THE TEXT THE WORD WITH A SPECIFIC MEANING     

1. In Paragraph 2, which word means piece of evidence?    ______________________________________.

2. In Paragraph 3, which word means happened at the same time? ________________________________.

3. In Paragraph 2, which word means keep away? _____________________________________________.

VI. Make Zero Conditional sentences use cues.

1.     Jane / eat / too much chocolate / she /get / sick

__________________________________________________________________________________

2.     You / not / eat / you / die

__________________________________________________________________________________

3.     You / heat / ice / it / melts

 

__________________________________________________________________________________

  

VII. Make 1st Conditional sentences put the verbs in brackets in correct form.

1.     If you _________________ (not study), you _____________ (fail) the test.

2.     I _____________ (lend) you my umbrella if you _____________ (need) it.

3.     If I ________________ (be late), I _______________ (call) you.

 

VIII. Write 2nd Conditional sentences put the verbs in brackets in correct form.

1.     If you _______________ (leave) your job, you ________________ (travel) around the world.

2.     If you _____________ (be) nicer to him, he ____________________ (lend) you the money

3.     It _________________ (be) nice if the rain ____________________ (stop)!

 

IX. Write 3rd Conditional sentences put the verbs in brackets in correct order.

1.     He crashed his car, because he fell asleep while driving.

If he __________________ (fall) asleep while driving, he _____________________ (crash) his car.

2.     I lost my job because I was late for work.

I ____________________ (loose) my job if I ___________________ (be) late for work.

3.     We couldn't go to the concert, because we didn't have enough money.

If we _________________ (have) enough money, we ____________________ (go) to the concert.

 

X. Write a relative pronoun (that, which, who, where, when or whose) to fill each gap.

1.     That's the house _______________ I was born.

2.     My Auntie Ella, _______________ is a journalist, is coming to visit next week.

3.     People _______________ like outdoor activities will love our holidays.

4.     The early 1960s, _______________ the Beatles first started, was a very exciting time in popular culture.

5.     My essay on Shakespeare, _______________ I found quite difficult, got a really good mark in the end.

6.     The Mayans, _______________ lived in Central America, built many stunning temples.

7.     That's the girl _______________ brother is in your class.

      8.     The snake _______________ was in the garden last week belongs to our next-door neighbor.